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Heat Engine

Heat Engine : (Power Plant of an Automobile)  A device which is used to convert one form of energy into mechanical energy is called an Engine . The heat energy produced by burning of the fuel is converted into mechanical power, then it is called a Heat Engine.  Heat engines are classified into two types.  1.External Combustion Engine  2.Internal Combustion Engine  1. External Combustion Engine  An external combustion engine is a Heat engine where a working fluid, is heated by combustion in an external source like Boiler. The fluid then, by expanding and acting on the mechanism of the engine, produces motion and usable work. The combustion process takes place outside the mechanical engine system.   Eg. Steam Engines, Ancient Marine Engines  2.Internal Combustion Engine  An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a Heat engine where the combustion of a fuel and air occurs inside the engine combustion chamber that is an integral part of an engine....
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Fluid Mechanics

  Differential Manometer (Numericals 2): Q 1:  A piezometer was connected to a pipe to measure the pressure of water. The rise of water level in piezometer was 150 mm. Calculate the pressure of water.    [Ans = 1471.5 N/m 2 ] Q 2:  Pressure in a pipe carrying oil (Specific Gravity 0.92) is 20 kN/m 2 . A piezometer is connected to the pipe. Find the rise of liquid level in the piezometer.  [Ans = 2.21 m] Q 3:  A U-tube manometer is connected to a pipe for measuring the pressure of oil (Specific gravity 0.92) flowing in the pipeline. Mercury (Specific gravity 13.6) is used as manometer liquid and the difference of mercury level in the two limbs is 200 mm. The centre of pipe is 80 mm below the level of mercury in the right limb. Determine the pressure in the pipeline and the head.   [Ans: 23.55 kN/m 2 ] Q 4:  The pressure of water in a domestic supply line was measured using manometer shown in the figure. Derive the equation for head and de...
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Hydraulic Jack

Hydraulic Jack A hydraulic jack is a device used to lift heavy objects by applying force through a hydraulic cylinder. Hydraulic jacks are commonly used in garages, auto repair shops, and manufacturing plants to lift cars, trucks, and heavy machinery. In this article, we will discuss the working principle, components, types, advantages, and disadvantages of hydraulic jacks. Working Principle: The working principle of a hydraulic jack is based on Pascal's law, which states that "pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions without loss." A hydraulic jack consists of two cylinders: the first one is called the reservoir, which contains hydraulic fluid, and the second one is the lifting cylinder, which has a piston and a plunger. When force is applied to the plunger, it pushes the piston, which compresses the hydraulic fluid in the lifting cylinder.  This increases the pressure of the fluid, which exerts a force on the object being lifted. The...
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